Saturday, November 30, 2019

Year 2000 Problem Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL, Hazards

Year 2000 Problem The millennial sun will first rise over human civilization in the independent republic of Kirbati, a group of thirty low lying coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. Kirbati straddles the equator and the International Dateline halfway between Hawaii and Australia. "For those who live in a world that relies on satellites, air, rail and ground transportation, manufacturing plants, electricity, heat, telephone, or TV, when the calendar clicks '99 to '00, we will experience a true millennial shift (Peterson)." As the sun moves westward on January 1, 2000 and the date shifts silently within millions of computerized systems, we will begin to experience our computer dependent world in a new way. At the stroke of midnight, the new millennium heralds the greatest challenge to modern society that we have yet to face as a planetary community. Whether we experience this as chaos or social transformation will be influenced by what we do immediately. What is theY2K (Year 2000) problem? When computer systems were built in the 1960's and 1970's computer hardware was too expensive. To reduce costs, programmers looked for ways to reduce data storage requirements. It was common for year to be stored in databases in two digit fields rather than four digits. Why is this a problem now? The systems built during this period were not very user friendly, but the computers were most critical to business operations. Because these systems of the 1960's and 1970's were not designed to run in multiple centuries, most will either produce incorrect information or simply fail at the end of the century. It may not sound like much effort to fix these machines, but in fact, it involves a great deal of time and expense. The Gartner Group, a respected information technology researcher, estimates that it will cost as much as $600 billion worldwide. If the problem is not addressed in time, the consequences could be catastrophic. There is currently widespread awareness that Y2K involves more than the failure of an individual's personal computer, or an incorrect date in a spreadsheet. "It is now widely understood that Y2K could affect the lives of individuals, but exactly in what manner is unknown (Associated P 1)." Today computers are used to operate most mechanical equipment that affects every aspect of our lives. In 1991 the IRS has 88,000 programs on eighty mainframe computers to debug. By the end of 1997 they had cleaned up only two thousand programs. At that rate it would take the IRS 264 years to debug all 88,000 programs. Y2K is a technical problem that cannot be solved by technology, the first ever non negotiable deadline, a systematic crisis that no one can solve alone, a crisis that transcends boundaries and hierarchies, and an opportunity to simplify and redesign major systems (Peterson 1)." How bad is the Y2K problem? Many studies have been done to estimate the cost of addressing this problem. The Y2K problem would not be as serious today had business and government leaders dealt with the situation earlier. Consequently, a race against the clock is underway. For many organizations work has not even begun! Why isn't the Y2K being addressed? The biggest problem today is the lack of concern by many businesses and governments to take this problem seriously, in spite of literature available. Many people do not understand how a simple computer glitch could affect the world. Some business owners are aware of the problem but may be keeping silent in hopes of not spooking their stock. It is possible that many of our elected leaders do not see the potential of social and economic disaster. What could happen? Your telephone service is terminated because of errors in data calculations, your driver's license expires because the motor vehicle department cannot recognize dates after December 31, 1999, the department store rejects your credit card because your payment is 100 years overdue, your bank's automated teller swallows your card, thinking it has expired and your Social Security payments are cut off because the agency's computers miscalculate your age. "While elsewhere, bank vaults refuse to open, building security systems fail, refusing to read coded cards or keys, and airline flight schedules are thrown into disarray because of flaws in the air traffic control system computers (The Year 2000)." How can you prepare? Try to make all possible preparations as soon as you can. It would be a good idea to keep extra cash hand, perhaps enough to live on for an entire week. "Plan to spend a fair amount of time checking, upgrading and preparing your home

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essay

Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essay Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essay Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essayThe major current federal immigration policy issues include illegal immigration, overcrowding, investment policy issues, national security and terrorism, and other issues. As the United States is considered to be the nation of immigrants, the federal immigration policy should be well-developed to address the needs of American citizens (Theodoulou    Kofinis, 2013).   Moreover, the federal immigration policy is closely connected with employment issues because those people who come to the United States with the intention to work and stay there should be useful to our state. In addition, racial and religious biases are linked to immigration policy. I feel concerned about related issues that relate to current federal immigration policy.Undoubtedly, if anything is changing in the current federal immigration policy, it will affect me personally because I am an American citizen and any changes in the governmental policies may have either po sitive or negative consequences for me, my family and the whole American society. For example, the permission to continue illegal immigration may have negative impact on my employment, security and even my health.My thoughts prior to reading this week’s reading assignments were vague about the nature immigration policy. Now I realize that it is necessary to understand the complexity of the immigration policy making process. The U.S. government should address the needs and requirements of citizens, providing the proper opportunities for the development of the nation in today’s global context. Immigration issues should not lead to economic decline of the country. As a result, it is necessary to follow current federal immigration laws. In general, my perspective has been reinforced now that I am more informed. I realize that illegal immigration is an issue of public concern that requires adequate response of the U.S. government.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Case study #1 HRD #394 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#1 HRD #394 - Case Study Example tance of repairing the machines and also improve the conditions and the equipments that would help reduce the cases of accidents and injuries in the work. The programs of behavioral based safety focus the employees as the main cause of accidents and injuries at workplaces. In this, many employees blame their employees for most of the accidents at workplaces, in most cases; however, behavioral based safety targets improving the safety behaviors in the workplaces by the use of employee involvement. It involves identifying the employees practices and behaviors that would help in reducing the risk of injury. Management accountability and engineering control both affect safety issues at workplaces, managers should understand that the safety of their employees also fails in their hands. They should understand that they have the responsibility to provide a safe and healthy workplace for their employees. Management should also ensure that the organization has adequate resources focused towards ensuring that the organization meets the safety and health implementation strategies and objectives. With this in mind then the management is accountable to all its employees in regard to health and safety. Engineering control also affects safety issues at the workplace; regular fixing of the engineering systems in an organization reduces the incidences of accidents and injuries at the workplaces. This fixing of the engineering systems helps improve the hazardous conditions and equipments that help eliminate the potential causes of accidents. This paper concurs with the critics of behavior based safety, the critics of the BBS state that the employees are not always responsible for the accidents and injuries as the advocates put it. Injuries and accidents in the workplaces mainly rise from the unsafe conditions with bad designs, the failure of the organizations to provide the safeguards required and the failure of the organizations to take the best preventive measures. This proves

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Internet and Social Networking Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Internet and Social Networking Privacy - Essay Example use privacy settings, social networks have agreed not to reveal any personal details with a third party unless the user provides consent, which authorizes the use of the information in question (Barras 1). On the other hand, the social network community have become private-sensitive to the extent of ensuring that they always use their privacy settings. In other cases, social sites ensure the utilization of private settings by providing default private settings for users (Hawkins 1). The social sites have also message alerts, which are sent to the user any time the private settings are changed to public settings (Hawkins 1). Teenage users should be cautious and choose the social networks, which have registered with independent privacy firms that guarantee the privacy of their personal details, and do not have any privacy flows. Social networking sites give priority to their users while overlooking on third parties. It is in this case that the social networking sites will strive to maintain the privacy of their users. Social sites will block any third party who wishes to access user’s private information. In essence, Teenage users should be cautious and choose the social networks, which have registered with independent privacy firms that guarantee the privacy of their personal information, and do not have any privacy

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Case study 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Case study 2 - Coursework Example Taking into account the inferences drawn from the SWOT analysis, a comparative analysis of Zara and H&M have been conducted so as to provide Caifu with rational suggestions and recommendations to select either Zara or H&M, when opting for collaboration in the targeted European market. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Company Profile 5 Zara 5 H&M 6 SWOT Analysis of Zara and H&M 7 Zara 7 H&M 9 Comparative Analysis of Zara and H&M 11 Conclusions and Recommendations 12 References 13 Introduction Since the past three years, globalisation has evidently ignited a more advanced and internationalised fashion sense and has diverted the customers towards the fashion industry by a substantial extent. Consequently, cultural values, consumer changing purchasing behaviours, consumer preferences, and willingness of purchase towards fashion merchandises has been the most critical issues faced by the contemporary managers today, in the retail sector of the industry. Based on the fa ct, the contemporary organisations have been largely observed to implement customer-centric market strategies to improve and attract the purchase behaviours of the consumers on the way to the fashion products (Bianchi & Birtwistle, 2010). In addition to these contributing factors, fashion shows in television, fashion advertisements, promotion of fashion apparels by celebrity models and superstars, in-store displays of fashionable clothes and organising fashion events in urban shopping malls have developed the consumer fashionable behaviours among consumers and thus can be regarded as another driving force in the industry since the past three years. Such kind of interactive and attractive marketing strategies of fashion apparels have shown junction of traditional and contemporary values (Rajagopal, 2012). Another the prime driver of the consumer behaviour towards the fashion apparels is the dominance of the social interactions. The relationship between the apparels and identity has c ome out as the result of various social interactions. In other words, apparels have become an opportunity and medium to represent individuals as a new identity of the person within the past few years (Pentecosta & Andrewsb, 2010). Additionally, the strategy of the younger generation of fashion fanship and impulse buying to stand apart from their predecessors and other fellow consumers also act as a driver towards the divergence of the fashion industry (Holmberg & Ohnfeldt, 2010). Also the buying patterns of the consumers have shifted from low-pricing brands to high brand fashion markets that have been established in to family environment, which also act as a few noteworthy driving forces in the industry to change consumer behaviour (Pentecosta & Andrewsb, 2010). It is worth mentioning in this context that the way an organisation manages these driving forces, determine their strengths and weaknesses in the current fashion retailing industry context. Accordingly, in this paper, a comp arative evaluation of Zara and H&M will be conducted with the intention to suggest Caifu regarding its further initiative of collaboration with either of these retail brands to penetrate the European market. Company Profile Zara Zara was founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega Rosalia Mera as a Spanish company situated in Arteixco, Galicia. It is one of the largest international fashion retailers, which operates under

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Tale of Cinderella compared to the movie Essay Example for Free

Tale of Cinderella compared to the movie Essay Everybody has already heard about tales during their childhood and everyone has liked them. One of the most known tales is of course the PerraultsCinderella. The movie industry still continues today to make films inspired from this popular tale. In this essay, the tale of Cinderella will be compared to the movie, Ever After. This comparison essay will show two common aspects: the male superiority to women and the importance of feminine beauty. First of all, in both films the male is superior to women. In Cinderella, the Prince is the hero who is wealthy and future king. He is the alias who only wants to find a woman to become his wife. Cinderella is the poor weak and passive girl who has to obey to the orders given by her stepmother. Her alternatives are to stay miserable or marry into happiness; the Prince is her rescuer. In Ever After, it is the same thing because the young girl has to obey to the order of her cruel stepmother and sisters. She has no power like Cinderella and while her stepmother gives her to the cruel baron, the Prince rescues her. In the movie and the story, the deprived girl marries the Prince. Secondly, in the movie and the tale the feminine beauty is very important and high-classed clothing gives identity like the Prince, the King, the stepmother and the stepsisters. Cinderella has an identity only at the moment that her godmother changes her into a princess for the ball. In Ever After, the girl has identity in front of the Prince only when she wears beautiful clothes. The beauty is not only on the physical side but also the psychological side. In contrast to the move and the tale the girl forgives her stepmother and stepsisters because she is without resentment even though they have been cruel to her. Both girls are a sweet, innocent, nice people even when they dress poorly. Also, the women with power and beauty are cruel in these situations. To sum up, in the movie and the tale, males like the Prince and the King are superior to women because they are wealthy and powerful. Also, Cinderella has only the alternatives to stay miserable or marry the Prince to be happy. Beauty is something very important in Cinderella and Ever After:Â  high-classed clothing gives beauty and identity and without this, you are nothing.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Effects of Smoking :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effects of smoking cigarettes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smoking is involved in most of all lung cancer deaths. An individual with chronic bronchitis, which is caused by smoking, is more likely to get a bacterial infection if he or she is a smoker. A smoker gets more nose and throat infections, respiratory infections, and bronchitis. Cigarette smoking accounts for a third of all heart disease deaths. The carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke increases the amount of cholesterol clogging the arteries. Smoking causes stiffness in the walls of the arteries, which are, is harmful to the artery and increases the risk for the artery to rupture. The nicotine in cigarettes can raise your blood pressure, heart rate, and the oxygen demand for muscles, especially the heart. Cigarette Smoking is the major cause of cancer of the lips, tongue, salivary glands, mouth, and esophagus. The development of stomach cancer can be directly associated with smoking. Smoking is known to cause bladder cancer. Quitting smoking will not result in a high reduction in the risk of getting bladder cancer. A strong association exists between smoking and leukemia. Women who smoke are at an increased risk of osteoporosis. Second Hand smoking can also be harmful. Infants and children have tender tissues and are more sensitive to second hand smoke. Many develop cancers when they get older. It is about 53,000 deaths per year as a result of passive smoking in the United States. 37,000 of these deaths come from cardiovascular disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culver2 The effects of tobacco smoke are just as bad, if not worse, in nonsmokers as in smokers. All of the risks for smokers also hold true for exposure to second hand smoke. Tobacco smoke is made up of many hazardous vapors and particles that when inhaled are harmful to both the smoker and to others around.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Theories and goals of education don’t matter a whit if you don’t consider your students to be human beings

The book entitled, A Loss for Words, by Lou Ann Walker, tells the wonderful tale of how a child deals with the disabilities of her parents (Walker 1987).The protagonist of the tale, Lou Ann Walker, narrates her experiences of how she acted as the ears and was the voice for her deaf parents.   While the family setting was warm, loving and typical of most happy families, the challenges that Lou Ann Walker and her parents had to face outside the house constantly challenged their character (Walker 1987).The story revolves around the experiences of Lou Ann Walker who was born in the American Midwest in 1952 and recounts the experiences she has as one of the three daughters who were capable of hearing of Gale and Doris Jean Walker who were both deafened as infants due to illnesses.The inspiring tale of how she served as the â€Å"medium† for interactions for her parents with the outside world.   â€Å"I’d seen plenty of families where there was more communication and les s love, (Walker 1987)† as the author declares when she recalls how warm it was in their home despite the hearing disabilities of her parents.The book is not above the frustrations that people have to deal with when they are outcast and misunderstood and Lou Ann Walker is able to show this through the lighthearted narration of just how crude and condescending the reactions of people were to the plight of her parents.The manner of education that her parents got, while seemingly different for those who are unaware of the circumstances of the hearing impaired, showed just how difficult yet heartwarming it was.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The beauty is in the narration of the tale as it seeks to embed itself in the hearts of its readers and finds a way to bring the comfort and warmth of the author’s own family to the reader.References:Walker, Lou Ann (1987) Loss for Words: The Story of Deafness in a Family Harper Perennial ISBN: 0060914254   

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Young Goodman Brown Analysis

The gloom Young Goodman Brown is feeling from the truth he discovers during the night is completely justified. How could it not be after such a traumatic experience? His entire image of the world around him was shattered. The people he new and looked up to, were not what he spent his life believing them to be. There are many passages by Young Goodman Brown that portray these thoughts, feeling, loss of innocence, and changes to his perception in the short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne. What immediately stood out to me was the sweet exchange of words Goodman and Faith had, at the train station before his departure.Faith had bad dreams and negative thoughts about Goodman’s trip and does not want him to leave. Goodman replies, â€Å"My love and my Faith, of all nights in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee. † This line was the best. I have never heard a better way to tell a woman that I can not spend time with her. This line will be used by me at some time i n my life. I wonder how much better Goodman’s life would have been if he would have listened to faith. Goodman regarded Faith as his anchor to everything that is right in the world.Faith, with her pink ribbons, is what could right any of the wrongs that might happen to him on his trip. â€Å"After this one night I’ll cling to her skirts and follow her to heaven,† he tells himself in the fashion of a silent prayer, pleading to make it through the night. I see this concept, of using Faith as a prayer, when he meditates on the phrase, â€Å"what calm sleep would be his that very night, which was to have been spent so wickedly, but so purely and sweetly now, in the arms of Faith! Amidst these pleasant and praiseworthy meditations. † It seemed as if everyone from the village had a relationship with the devil.â€Å"I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem: and it was I that brought your f ather a pitch pin knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to an Indian village, in King Philip’s war,† said the devil. One of the first moments of truth occurred when Goodman witnessed Goody Cloyse speaking to the devil. Hawthorne portrays Goodman’s shock by having him repeat the phrase, â€Å"That old woman taught me my catechism. † Once you start on the road of behavior that makes you lose your innocence, the easier it becomes to travel down that path.The devil said, trying to comfort Goodman, â€Å"You will think better of this by and by. † The moment the Devil plucked the maple branch and it withered was a metaphor of how evil corrupts the innocent and a representation of what was in store for Goodman’s life after that night. Goodman was so shocked that the very leaders of his faith, the Deacon, would venture out into the night to meet the man with the snake cane. Then Goodman heard the cry of grief and held the pink ribbon in his han d crying out, â€Å"my Faith is gone,† was the end of his trying to withstand the devil.He gave up stating, â€Å"there is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. † In this moment of despair he calls out to the devil stating, â€Å"Come, devil; for to thee is the world given. † When he felt he lost is anchor (Faith) to everything that was Holy and pure to him he gave up. In Goodman’s mind he had no other choice to follow the Devil and after being apart of that ritual of initiation and the devil’s sermon, there was no coming back for him. Young Goodman Brown will forever be gloomy and withdrawn.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

The voices of silence by Bel Mooney Essays

The voices of silence by Bel Mooney Essays The voices of silence by Bel Mooney Paper The voices of silence by Bel Mooney Paper The novel The voices of silence by Bel Mooney is set in the country of Romania during the last months of the regime of the dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. The story is told from the viewpoint of Flora Popescy, a thirteen-year old school girl who lives with her parents Rodika and Constantin in the capital city of Bucharest. In chapters one to three we are given an immediate insight into the harshness of life under an oppressive government. Floras family lives in great poverty. We realise from Floras dream that even bananas are a delicacy, and a seven-year-old boy requested a banana for his big birthday present. Floras family lives in a twenty-story block, which was due to have new lifts fitted but as the government ran out of money they left the shafts on view. Between each block theres only rough terrain as there is no gardens or even grass. When rain falls puddles collect easily, as there is no drainage system just unfinished ground. Flora describes her flat as tiny with only two rooms, a tiny kitchen and bathroom. The sofa in the flat is her parents double bed at night. It is a damp flat which was evident from Floras description of the dampness that bubbled and sprouted on the walls. Also they have an old wooden draining board which is cracked down the middle. They heat the flat with paraffin but it isnt enough to keep the flat warm. Each day at dawn they have to queue for bread and milk. Sometimes Tata would return with an old bag containing four/five apples, or bacon or just a lump of cheese, which made any of these things a real feast and by our standards shows how what a poor state they really live in. For Floras birthday it was such a treat for her to be served fresh bread and in addition she had two pieces of salami and a little strip of cheese and a fried egg. Flora had one birthday card, which was obviously appreciated because she took great care looking at the decorations the pictures and colours. Also Flora had one present rapped in the same paper their food was wrapped in, yet her mum had drawn and painted moons and stars on it. Flora had a scarf as her only present, she really appreciated it because it was an extravagance not a necessity. Daniel Ghiban had joined the school on the first day back. At lunchtime everyone crowded round him because of what he had on his sandwiches which was proper meat on soft bread and cake. On that day Floras school bag had broken again, she mentioned her mum had already mended it five times before, another example that they cant afford new possessions. Daniel Ghiban stopped to help her pick her stuff and sharpened her pencil with a real sharpener. Flora told Daniel that usually she sharpens with a knife. Daniel wore real jeans, a blue jumper with the schools badge on and trainers, he really stood out from the others because Flora described everyone in school looked the same Drab dark clothes From the opening chapters of the book we also learn a great deal about the political regime. President Ceausescu is a cruel dictator who lives in luxury, while keeping his people in poverty. In chapters two, on Floras birthday, she and her parents go into the city to look at the presidents dreadful, lavish, giant new palace, Her father Constantin seethes anger but dare not voice his opinions aloud in public. We learn very quickly that the citizens of Romania are spied on and that the government tries to control their thoughts and actions. Floras account of how the pupils chant their loyalty to Romania and the beloved president on a daily basis is evidence of the political indoctrination in school. From a early age Flora tells they learned from songs that the president was the father and his wife Elena was the mother. Some examples of characters been nervous of talking about the government are when mama tried shushing Tata from explaining why they are deprived from having certain things. Also Flora was worried when Alys called Old Ceausecu an old monster. This was evident because Flora tried shushing Alys and looking over her soldier to see if anybody had heard. Another point about this is the fact that Daniel was not supposed to tell his friends how he had managed to have decent food, he told his friends in a whisper, which later made Flora nervous of running footsteps behind her. Constantin was suspicious that Daniel had arrived unexpectedly at their flat bringing MMs for Floras birthday. Father said It was not Right because even though he was a school friend he was a stranger, adding people in Romania have to look after themselves and it wasnt normal to send presents to others unless they wanted something in return. From my reading of the novel so far, I understand life in a country like Romania must be very miserable. I think that the thing I would hate most of all would be the fact that you couldnt have any real friend or someone to trust as you have to live a life of secrecy and whispers because you never know who might be listening in on you.

Monday, November 4, 2019

(Business Negotiation) Select any two countries or World regions (like Essay

(Business Negotiation) Select any two countries or World regions (like Asia, Europe, or North America) and using the academic li - Essay Example There is a significant contribution made by culture during international business organizations, and this has an influence on the transactions (Jiachu, Shifi & Li, 2000). Nevertheless, the paper will explore substantial factors that affect the business negotiations between America and China, which will be based on an evaluation of the cultural differences between these countries. CULTURE Interdependence between countries, people and businesses establishes the significance of national cultures. In fact, culture refers to a pattern of behaviors, norms, convictions, values, which are socially transmitted among the community members. Therefore, culture has a substantial influence on people’s thinking, communication and behaviors; thus, becoming a serious source of influence to the aspect of negotiations (Salacuse, 2004). Moreover, culture and nationality among different countries are not the same, while culture is distinct; thus, the paper will focus on the Chinese and American cu lture. There is an immense influence on Chinese culture by traditional philosophies such as Confucianism and Taoism. These philosophies focus on virtual like patience, harmony in relationships and instincts of survival (Faure, 1999). Americans have been identified by their individualism, though they are also known for their value for networking and information. WAYS CULTURE CAN AFFECT NEGOTIATIONS Negotiating Goal People of different culture have varying objectives of engaging in negotiation, there are those who focus on reaching a deal and singing a contract, while others perceive this as a commencement of a long-term association and this emanates to a contract. For instance, in China, there is a focus on creating an interpersonal relationship before establishment of a commercial transaction. In fact, these behaviors are attributed to values of Confucianism; thus, Chinese people have a conviction that a business relationship should be based on interpersonal relationship (Graham & L am, 2003). Establishment of interpersonal relationship is aimed at fostering a relationship attributed to trust during pre-negotiation stage in China. On the other hand, Americans are known to lay lot of emphasis on the signed contract, since numerous negotiators in America are lawyers (Demers, 2002). In fact, there is a virtue acquired by the law students from their schools, which entail engaging in a negotiation with an objective of acquiring a signed contract. Moreover, the Americans consider reaching at an agreement as the final stage of the negotiation; thus, they have a great adherence to the details. Furthermore, Americans have a tendency of rushing to the preliminary stage of a negotiation, which creates a high chance of misunderstandings, and it leads to adverse effects to the process of negotiation. Negotiating Attitude There are forms of attitudes attributed to parties engaging in a negotiation, which are a win-lose or win-win attitude. However, negotiators with a win-win attitude have a perception of a negotiation being a collaborative effort aimed at ensuring that parties have established a mutual beneficial arrangement (Bazerman, Curhan, Moore & Valley, 2000). However, negotiations with parties having a win-lose attitude are focused on ensuring that at the end of the negotiation one party has lost. Nevertheless, Americans and Chinese share a

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Chikita Banana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chikita Banana - Essay Example In pursuit of better business climate including, for instance, lower taxes, Chiquita engaged in payment of bribes to government officials. For instance, in 1975, it was disclosed that the company paid a Honduran official an excess of US $ 1.25 million bribe in order to reduce taxes paid on banana exports (Schotter and Teagarden 5). The company also employed underground tactics to discourage governments from developing infrastructure so as to retain a grip on transportation monopoly. By promoting coups against perceived hostile governments, Chiquita perpetuated injustices borne out of disrespect for sovereignty of the people. In doing so, the company’s corporate interests got entangled with the foreign policy of America. For instance, in 1954, the directors of United Fruit Company lobbied the U.S. government for a coup in Guatemala on the allegation that the incumbent government was rooting for communism (Schotter and Teagarden 9). This was undertaken to conceal the company’s fear of losing 40% of its land owing to supposed agrarian reform and new labor code. United Fruit Company was notorious for subjecting its farm workers to long working hours in dangerous conditions. Prior to its restructuring, Chiquita engaged in unsustainable wide scale cultivation of bananas by allowing agrochemical runoff water to flow into water sources, as well as massive deforestation of tropical forests to create land for expansion (Schotter and Teagarden 6). Chiquita employed guerilla tactics in order to retain its market share such as controlling the distribution of banana lands. The uncontrollable appetite for land and market dominance made United Fruit extend its reach and influence over governments and lives of its employees. United Fruit extended its influence to prevent governments from distributing banana lands to locals wishing to have a share for the banana business. The